http://lib.kart.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13213 2026-04-22T04:21:47Z http://lib.kart.edu.ua/handle/123456789/30488 Title: Determination of parameters of abnormal wear of brake pads of freight cars Authors: Ravlyuk, Vasyl; Elyazov, İsrail; Afanasenkо, Ihor; Ravliuk, Mykola Abstract: The complex of operational studies and theoretical research was performed on the occurrence of harmful wear that changes geometrical parameters of the useful contact area of the brake pads of freight cars at various established standard clearance between the pad and the wheel, which significantly impairs the braking efficiency of trains. The inspections of the mechanical part of the brakes attracted attention to the abnormal wear of the brake pads of the freight cars, which occurs because the common centre of gravity of the pad and the brake shoe, which are on the pendular suspension, do not coincide with the centre of the hole in the brake strut for any pad. The results of calculations using the coordinate method performed in the Mathcad software environment and the graphical one performed in AutoCAD to determine the geometrical parameters of the formation of the upper harmful wear of the pad depending on the standard clearance between the wheel and the brake pad were compared to proved theoretically that the error between them does not exceed 5-7%. 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z http://lib.kart.edu.ua/handle/123456789/30453 Title: Crack resistance of reinforced-concrete sleepers with elastic rail fastening systems without base-plate Authors: Plugin, A. А.; Miroshnichenko, S. V.; Lobiak, O. V.; Kalinin, O. A.; Plugin, D. A. Abstract: The article presents the main results of complex experimental and theoretical research into the crack resistance and the limit state of reinforced-concrete sleepers with elastic rail fastening systems without base-plate. The objective of this study is to uncover reasons for the cracks and other breakages during operation, demonstrate their importance, and produce a set of recommendations for prevention of the most serious defects. The research also involved statistical analysis of the defect factor for sleepers, and determined the number of defects by type according to track layout, traffic density, tonnage transported, concrete grade and other characteristics based on the results of full-scale research of track sections and surveys from maintenance specialists. The full-scale research was made on rail sections under standard operational modes and on a test track section of straight and curved elements with sleepers of concrete grades C32/40, С35/45 and C40/50.The study was based on numerical methods, modelling of the stress-strain behaviour of the track, and estimation of the performance of sleepers with cracks.The method used incremental-iterative algorithms to consider the elastic plastic properties of materials, solve contact problems in operation of rail fastening systems, and also reveal the structural nonlinearity of joint action for track elements. The method was realized in LIRA-SAPR software on the basis of Building Information Modelling (BIM) and the Finite Element Method (FEM).The results were verifiedby experimental research into the sleepers under static and dynamic loads with estimation of crack development in terms of concrete grades, deformation modulus, rigidities of the ballast layer and the sub-grade, position of the reinforcement and other characteristics. 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z http://lib.kart.edu.ua/handle/123456789/30202 Title: Принципи і чинники активізації процесів ресурсозбереження на підприємствах залізничного транспорту Authors: Харченко, Ольга Володимирівна; Kharchenko, Olga Abstract: UA: З огляду на сучасні умови господарювання, встановлено об’єктивну необхідність розвитку діяльності з ресурсозбереження на підприємствах залізничного транспорту. Розкрито зміст ресурсозберігаючої діяльності з позицій комплексного підходу, що включає такі аспекти ресурсозбереження, як: раціональне формування ресурсів; оптимальне використання ресурсів і мінімізація ресурсоспоживання; усунення втрат і залучення невикористовуваних резервів; підвищення ефективності використання та інтенсифікації факторів виробництва; запобігання шкоди навколишньому середовищу; усунення дефіциту факторів виробництва. Розкрито головні принципи організації ресурсозбереження на підприємствах залізничного транспорту, які є основою якості управлінських рішень щодо використання економічних ресурсів. Проведено систематизацію чинників активізації ресурсоорієнтованої діяльності підприємств залізничного транспорту.; EN: Taking into account the current economic conditions, an objective need to develop resource-saving activities at railway transport enterprises has been established. It was found out that energy efficiency activities are actively carried out at the enterprises of the railway industry, but the situation remains unresolved regarding other types resources and the organization complex work on resource conservation. The content resource-saving activities is revealed from the perspective an integrated approach, which includes such aspects resource conservation as: rational formation resources; optimal use resources and minimization resource consumption; elimination losses and attraction unused reserves; increasing the efficiency and intensification factors production; prevention environmental damage; elimination of the shortage factors production. The main principles of organization resource conservation at railway transport enterprises (complexity, consistency, constancy, measurability, involvement personnel, openness, dynamism, sufficiency information, priority, availability minimal costs, not deterioration working conditions, expediency, strategic development, training and development personnel), which are the basis for the quality management decisions on the use economic resources. to effectively implement resource conservation at railway transport enterprises today, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: to ensure a high level of qualification employees; to achieve high intellectual potential; to ensure technical and technological independence of enterprises; to achieve high management efficiency; to ensure the necessary level of environmental activity; to ensure legal protection; to ensure information security protection. The main features of classification resource-saving factors are clarified: belonging to the environment of the enterprise, attitude to the production process and the nature of the impact on the result production functioning. The factors activation resourcesaving activities at railway transport enterprises are systematized and revealed. 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z http://lib.kart.edu.ua/handle/123456789/30201 Title: Теоретичні основи управління інноваційною активністю підприємств залізничного транспорту Authors: Кузнецов, Євген Миколайович; Кузнецов, В. Є.; Kuznetsov, Evgenij; Kuznetsov, Volodymyr Abstract: UA: У статті досліджено зміст категорії «інноваційна активність», що дало змогу встановити існування діяльнісного та комплексного підходів до трактування її сутності серед науковців. Розкрито авторське бачення інноваційної активності підприємств залізничного транспорту з погляду їх динамічної здатності, використовуючи внутрішні та зовнішні ресурсні можливості і дотримуючись ключових умов реалізації інноваційного процесу, здійснювати генерування інноваційних ідей, їх перетворення на дослідні зразки і виробництво на цій основі інноваційної продукції, прогресивних техніки та технологій, форм виробництва з метою адаптації до вимог цифровізації та забезпечення інноваційної модернізації залізничного транспорту. Визначено систему ключових детермінант, що визначають рівень внутрішніх і зовнішніх ресурсних можливостей підприємств залізничного транспорту забезпечувати власну інноваційну активність. Визначено етапи стратегічного управління інноваційною активністю підприємств залізничного транспорту.; EN: The article examines the content of the category «innovative activity», which made it possible to establish the existence of an activity-based and integrated approach to the interpretation of its essence among scientists. It is determined that within the framework of the first approach, the innovation activity of an enterprise is considered from the point of view of management activities focused on increasing results in the field of production and use of innovations, and within the framework of the second – from the point of view of a complex characteristic that reflects the effectiveness of implementing innovation processes. The author's vision of innovative activity of railway transport enterprises from the point of view of their dynamic ability, using internal and external resource opportunities and observing the key conditions for the implementation of the innovation process, to generate innovative ideas, their transformation into prototypes and production on this basis of innovative products, advanced techniques and technologies, forms of production in order to adapt to the requirements of digitalization and ensure innovative modernization of railway transport. Key conditions for ensuring the efficiency of the innovation process implementation at railway transport enterprises are established. A system of key determinants that determine the level of internal and external resource capabilities of railway transport enterprises to ensure their own innovative activity is defined. The latter are systematized into such groups as financial and investment, intellectual and personnel, innovation and technology, and information and communication. Based on the fact that the process of managing the innovative activity of railway transport enterprises must necessarily provide for the goal setting, assessment and strategy of directions for ensuring the growth of the level of dynamic abilities of industry enterprises in the field of generating, creating and producing innovations, it is advisable to reveal the key stages of managing the innovative activity of railway transport enterprises. It is proved that the implementation of these stages will increase the innovative activity of railway transport enterprises, ensuring their adaptability to the requirements of digitalization and competitiveness in the market of railway products. 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z