Підвищення точності обліку та контролю витрат дизельного палива

Abstract

UA: Одними з головних факторів, що пов'язані з економним використанням енергоресурсів, є їх облік та контроль. Існуюча тенденція активного розвитку автоматизації численних виробничих процесів на залізничному транспорті, в тому числі інформаційно-вимірювальних систем (ІВС) за витратами нафтопродуктів, потребує постійних удосконалень. Подано основні шляхи і типи вимірювальних приладів та здійснено порівняння їх ефективності в процесах обліку. Отримано аналітичну залежність для коригування розрахункових значень швидкості ультразвукових коливань з урахуванням поточних значень температури і атмосферного тиску повітряного середовища.

EN: One of the main factors that are associated with the economical use of energy resources is their accounting and control. The current trend of the active development of automating production processes in railway transport, including information-measuring systems (IMS) for the consumption of petroleum products, requires continuous improvement. The key elements of these systems are liquid level measurement devices, they are the source of the main indicators in the accounting and control of fuel consumption in both the fuel tanks and reservoirs. The purpose of the study is to analyze and compare existing methods for measuring the level of liquid materials. Identification of possible ways to improve ultrasonic measurements. Increasing the accuracy of the calculated velocity of ultrasonic oscillations and their further development is the task of scientific work. The main ways and types of measuring devices are presented and their efficiency in the accounting processes is compared. In paper described the main advantages and principles of operation of ultrasonic level gauges. The action of these level gauges is based on the measurement of the passage time of the ultrasound pulse from the radiator to the surface of the oil product and back. When receiving a reflected pulse, the emitter becomes a sensor. In the general case, the velocity of sound propagation depends on changes in the density of the elastic air environment, its temperature and pressure Like all other methods of measuring the level of the ultrasonic method has a certain measurement error. But if in most computing systems the errors can be partially compensated by various technical means, which, as a rule, leads to complication and appreciation of the output product, in this case only the algorithmic support of the sensor controller is subject to refinement. An analytical relationship was obtained to adjust the calculated values of the speed of ultrasound oscillations with regard to the current values of temperature and atmospheric pressure of the air environment.