Вплив концентрації дрібнодисперсної води на механізм корозійно-механічного зношування гідравлічних агрегатів транспортних засобів

Abstract

UA: Проведено аналіз умов роботи гідравлічного привода транспортних засобів та причин його зносу. Розглянуто механізм взаємодії дрібнодисперсної води в мінеральній оливі із кристалічною поверхнею металу. Запропоновано математичну модель розрахунку міри корозійно-механічного зношування елементів гідравлічного привода, на прикладі пари тертя плунжер-гільза поршневого насоса. Подано результати експериментальних досліджень щодо впливу концентрації води в оливі та напрацювання на знос пари тертя плунжер – гільза.

EN: The use of a hydraulic drive has several advantages over electric drive: relatively less weight, simplicity in operation. However, the operation of hydraulic drives has its own characteristics. An important factor in the operation of the hydraulic drive is the temperature difference at the boundary of the working body and atmospheric air, which leads to the formation of condensed water. Water can get into the hydrosystem and another way. The concentration of water in the hydraulic system of vehicles may reach 1% by volume. Water in oil leads to a number of negative consequences. These include oxidation of the oil and metal surfaces of the hydraulic drive elements, increased emulsibility, increased risk of formation of cavitation zones, increase of oxidative and hydrogen wear of parts of the hydraulic drive. The influence of water on the wear of parts of the hydraulic drive vehicles always remains an urgent problem. Such wear is called corrosion-mechanical wear. The reason for the corrosion processes is the high activity of metals in comparison with hydrogen. The process of corrosionmechanical wear is considered in the work and the calculation of wear is presented. The calculation of wear is shown on the example axial-piston pump. The calculation method includes both the basic geometric parameters of the axial-piston pump and the properties of the metallic surfaces. The distance to which the field of the metal surface acts is determined. At the same time, a system of equations was created for the energy of the thermal motion and the energy of the metal surface. Theoretical calculation results were confirmed by experimental research. The experiment was a study on a stationary friction machine. The friction pair was a shaft and a roller. The main parameters of the experiment were chosen: load, slip speed, slipping path, temperature of the lubricant. The main variable parameter was the concentration of water. The investigated values ranged from 0.0 to 1.0% water. According to the results of the study, wear decreases with acceleration at a uniform growth of water concentration.