Удосконалення конструкції елементів важільної передачі рефрижераторного вагона

Abstract

UA: У статті розглянуто технічні і конструкційні недоліки гальмової важільної передачі рефрижераторного рухомого складу. Проведена оцінка зусиль та напружень, що діють у типовій конструкції передачі цих вагонів при різних режимах. Розраховані на міцність окремі елементи гальмової передачі. Виконана перевірка на міцність спеціалізованих під композиційні колодки важелів за допомогою програмного комплексу Autodesk Inventor. Використовуючи програмний комплекс Siemens Solid Edge, запропоновано їх удосконалення.

EN: Тhе brake systems perform an important function in ensuring the safety of railway rolling stock. Improving the brake systems of rolling stock increases their efficiency and reliability, simplifies repair and maintenance. Different types of brake systems of refrigeration rolling stock are compared. The advantages and disadvantages of various lever gears are considered depending on the type of brake pads used in the refrigeration rolling stock. The erroneous installation of composite pads on wagons, the lever gear of which is set for cast iron pads, can damage wheel sets. Damage to wheel pains, such as pebbles, cracks, and other defects due to incorrect operation, threaten the safety of the movement. The well-known structures of the levers used in foreign railways are analyzed. Using the stamped levers, the American firm Wabtec reduces the mass due to the changed shape of the lever. The efforts made in the transmission of the refrigerated wagon for different types of brake pads have been evaluated. It is established that when using composite pads in the brake lever transmission, the forces acting in its components are smaller than those of cast iron pads. This leads to the conclusion about the possibility of improving the geometric shape of the elements in their specialization in composite pads. Autodesk Inventor software package was used to test the strength of specialized components for composite brake pads. It is proposed, using the software package Siemens Solid Edge, and new functional as generative design, to improvement the elements of the brake linkage. An example of improvement of brake linkage elements of a refrigerator car is implemented. Thus, the specialization of the levers of a refrigerator car under the composite pads will reduce the levers weight by 19,8%, and with the possible improving - 43,8% per car, which will reduce the mass and the coefficients of the tare of the car.