Визначення оптимальних запасів ресурсів у локомотивному депо

Abstract

UA: Поступовий перехід економіки на ринкові відносини передбачає впровадження логістичних принципів в усі гілки господарства. Необґрунтовані розміри запасів на підприємстві можуть спричиняти невиправдані витрати на його утримання або втрату якості. У статті аналізується зв'язок між розміром замовлення для поповнення запасів локомотивного депо і часом наступного замовлення з метою визначення його оптимального обсягу і часу виконання замовлення.

EN: Stocks play both a positive and a negative role in the activities of the logistics system. The positive role is that they ensure the continuity of the processes of procurement, production and marketing of products, being a kind of buffer that smooths out unforeseen fluctuations in demand, violation of the timing of the supply of resources, increase the reliability of logistics management. The negative side of stocks is that significant financial resources are immobilized in them, which could be used by enterprises for other purposes, for example, investment in new technologies, market research, improving the economic performance of an enterprise, etc. In addition, large levels of stocks of finished goods impede the improvement of its quality, since the company is primarily interested in the sale of products before investment to improve its quality. The presence of significant reserves in the areas of procurement, production and marketing impedes the introduction of logistics as a concept of enterprise management, since they isolate the links of the logistics system, and, therefore, the individual stages of the logistics process from each other. Based on this, the problem arises of ensuring the continuity of logistics and technological processes at a minimum level of costs associated with the formation and management of various types of stocks in the logistics system. Transport stocks are created on all types of transport involved in the transportation of resources. In this regard, they are classified into reserves of railway, river, sea, road and air transport. The time spent by resources in transportation stocks includes the movement time of resources, which depends on the distance of transportation, type of transport, method of transportation; time for various shunting operations; loading and unloading operations when transferring cargo from one mode of transport to another. In market conditions, logistics systems and their constituent parts have to constantly adapt to the changing needs of customers. Based on this, the priorities of inventory management may change at one time or another.