Проблеми розвитку підприємств сфери туризму

Abstract

UA: В статті досліджено проблеми розвитку підприємств сфери туризму в довоєнний та воєнний період. Україна володіє значним туристичним потенціалом. Визначено, що інституційно-організаційна підсистема туристичної галузі країни перебувала в стадії перманентного реформування. Досліджено втрати країни в туристичній галузі під час воєнний дій. Визначено основні напрями розвитку підприємств туристичної сфери.

EN: The article examinesthe problems of the development of enterprisesin the field of tourism in the pre-war and post-war period. Ukraine has significant tourism potential. During the years of independence, the country did not form a clear policy of informing the world community about achievements, historical heritage, culture and social reform. It was determined that the institutional and organizational subsystem of the country's tourism industry was in the stage of permanent reformation. Before the start of hostilities, the lack of state support for the development of enterprises in the tourism industry led to the survival of mainly commercial forms and types of tourism. The share of social tourism has significantly decreased. Domestic tourism suffers due to excessive competition. Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022 threatened not only tourism in Ukraine, but also the international travel sector, which was just beginning to recover from losses caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. Instead of the development of domestic tourism and national tourism enterprises, there was a migration of millions of people within the state, and the mass departure of Ukrainian citizens abroad was not related to the tourist goal. Damage and destruction of immovable cultural heritage objects as a result of rocket attacks, bombings and artillery fire have been recorded in 15 regions of Ukraine. A large part of tourist companies was forced to close, some changed their activities to volunteering. In many cities, tour guides for forced migrants organized excursions based on voluntary contributions and transferred these funds to the Armed Forces of Ukraine.