Застосування м’якої комутації у трифазних інверторах напруги тягового рухомого складу

Abstract

UA: У статті наведено результати дослідження тягового інвертора з м’якою комутацією силових ключів, реалізовані за допомогою вузлів м’якої комутації на IGBT. Застосування м’якої комутації дає змогу знижувати комутаційні втрати, підвищувати частоту ШІМ і поліпшувати інші показники перетворювача. Виконано синтез схеми та алгоритму реалізації м’якої комутації у ключах трифазного мостового інвертора напруги. Проаналізовано характеристики перетворювача з застосуванням модернізованого вузла м’якої комутації.

EN: Autonomous voltage inverters with PWM, which are used in electric drive systems with brushless motors, occupy an important place in the complex of electrical equipment of modern traction rolling stock of railways. The article presents the results of the research of the traction threephase bridge voltage inverter with soft switching of power switches. Using the soft switching mode allows you to reduce the switching losses in the power transistors of the keys, increase the PWM frequency and improve other performance indicators of the converter. It is advisable to implement soft switching in the key transistors of the three-phase voltage inverter using soft switching nodes with fast-acting four-quadrant switches based on IGBT. It is proposed to consider the possibility of using transistor switches of a voltage inverter with capacitive non-dissipative snubbers at high PWM frequencies. For this purpose, a synthesis of the scheme and algorithm for the implementation of soft switching in a three-phase bridge voltage inverter with bipolar sinusoidal PWM with soft switching nodes with high-speed four-quadrant switches based on IGBT was performed. An analysis of the characteristics of the three-phase voltage inverter was carried out when using high-speed switches in the soft switching nodes to implement soft switching in the power transistors of the inverter switches. On the basis of the study, it is proposed to modernize the scheme of the soft switching unit in order to provide better preparation for the switching of the power transistors of the keys at large load currents. The improved soft switching unit includes low-voltage sources of constant voltage, which will compensate for energy losses in the recharging circuit of the snubber capacitors and contribute to the soft switching on of the power transistors of the voltage inverter keys. The performance test was carried out and the characteristics of the converter were analyzed when using a modernized soft switching node using simulation modeling in the MATLAB package.