Ресурсні випробування ущільнень зворотного руху при забезпеченні сталих умов навантаження

Abstract

UA: До найбільш розповсюджених конструктивних елементів у структурі сучасних технічних систем, зокрема землерийних, підйомно-транспортних і залізничних машин, належать різні ущільнення, що забезпечують герметизацію рухомих і нерухомих спряжень таких машин. На підставі досліджень виявлені фактори, що мають найбільший вплив, до яких можна віднести величину дії тиску рідини, її температуру, швидкість поступального або обертального руху, геометричні розміри поверхні герметизації та інші. Результати виконаних робіт дали змогу створити удосконалений імітатор-стенд для випробування ущільнення з дотриманням сталих факторів у процесі дослідження, стенд для проведення ресурсних випробувань ущільнень, максимально наближених до режиму їхнього функціонування в експлуатаційних умовах роботи.

EN: The most widespread structural elements in the structure of modern technical systems, in particular, in earthmoving, lifting and transport and railway machines, include various seals that provide sealing of moving and stationary couplings of these machines. Losses of working fluids during the operation of the above-mentioned machines require daily refueling of the working containers with fluids. External fluid losses significantly affect the ecological state of nature and especially soil fertility. Internal fluid losses affect the productivity of these machines, as well as inefficient fuel consumption during the operation of these machines. On the basis of the above, the process of a comprehensive study of the performance of seals to determine their characteristics, in particular, the resource of their work and the establishment of external and internal liquid losses, is a very relevant direction today. The number of factors that affect the performance of the seal is more than thirty factors. Of all these factors, the most influential were identified, which include the magnitude of the effect of liquid pressure and its temperature, the speed of translational or rotational movement, the geometric dimensions of the sealing surface, and others. The sealing test process can be classified into tests in simulators, on specialized stands, and in real working conditions of sealing in the structure of the above machines. One of the most effective directions for establishing the efficiency of the seal is tests in simulators and when tests are carried out on specialized stands. Bench tests require careful preparation and the use of high-precision devices for recording the studied parameters and at the same time require compliance with stable research conditions that significantly affect the performance of the seal. The results of experimental studies in the created simulator made it possible to reveal the patterns of changes in the frictional force in the sealing zone depending on the geometric dimensions of the seal, the effect of liquid pressure and its temperature, and the speed of movement of the seal relative to the fixed surface being sealed. The conducted research made it possible to create a more advanced simulator for compaction testing with the observance of constant factors in the research process. Also, create a stand for carrying out resource tests of compaction as close as possible to the mode of their operation in operational working conditions.