Управління проблемними кредитами банків

Abstract

UA: Стаття присвячена аналізу сучасного стану проблемних кредитів, окреслено причини, що обумовлюють появу проблемних кредитів у банках з державною участю в Україні Проаналізовано частку проблемних кредитів у банківській системі України загалом та в групах банків зокрема. У статті досліджено особливості управління проблемними банківськими кредитами та визначено чинники виникнення проблемної заборгованості банку. Пошук можливостей для управління проблемними кредитами банків є одним з основних пріоритетів подальших досліджень у даному напрямку.

EN: The article is devoted to the analysis of the current state of problem loans, the reasons for the appearance of problem loans in banks with state participation in Ukraine are identified. The share of problem loans in the banking system of Ukraine in general and groups of banks in particular is analyzed. The article explores the features of managing troubled loans and identifies the factors of the occurrence of troubled bank debt. Given the global experience in regulating the credit sector, it is advisable to identify the following ways of managing domestic banks' problematic debt: forming a single credit registry for banks; the use of innovative technologies and techniques to assess customer solvency, extension of the practice of buying bad loans by collecting companies, application of factoring (the creation of a single company - a redevelopment bank from the NBU is urgent, but discussion of this issue at the national level is still ongoing). Particular attention should be paid to the introduction of new mechanisms for the sale of distressed loans to specialized financial companies through the use of existing or creation of new institutions, such as bridgebank, bad bank, AMC (asset management company), etc.; formation of sufficient amounts of debt reserves; selecting and implementing a model for restructuring distressed assets in the banking sector, such as setting up a distressed assets bank or a transition bank (involving government or private investors); simplification of mechanisms of sale, transfer, write-off of assets, including in the framework of pre-trial procedures; strengthening the supervision of banks and introducing the same system for non-banking institutions. Finding opportunities to manage problematic bank loans is one of the major priorities for further research in this area.