Блок живлення стенда та лабораторна установка для обробки олив електростатичним полем

Abstract

UA: У статті розглянуто актуальне науково-прикладне питання покращення антифрикційних та протизношувальних властивостей індустріальних олив шляхом електростатичної обробки, що використовують у гідроприводах підйомно-транспортних та вантажно-розвантажувальних машин. Описано принципово нову схему стенда електростатичної обробки мастил та наведено результати експериментальних досліджень на машині тертя СМЦ-2.

EN: Most technological machines (TM) use hydraulic drives and internal combustion engines, such as lifting and transporting, loading and unloading, construction, road, track, and mining. Increasing the durability of the specified TM units is an urgent task. One of the possible solutions to this urgent problem is the electrostatic treatment of hydraulic oils and diesel fuels.

Over the past three decades, researchers have conducted many studies focused on finding optimal means of using external force fields to improve the quality of lubricating materials and intensify their production. Types of influence of force fields, such as mechanical, mechanochemical, acoustic, electromagnetic, and electric, are increasingly used to regulate the behaviour of dispersed particles in nonpolar and slightly polar environments.

The theory of regulated interphase transitions proves that the emergence, growth, and size change of supramolecular structures, surrounded by an adsorption-solvate layer and creating complex structural units in oil dispersion systems, contribute to the emergence of new properties of these systems. One of the main provisions of this theory is the need for extreme and antibating changes in the size of complex structural units with the help of external influences, which include force fields.

Lubricating materials differ in their degrees of dispersity, composition, and properties, so the effect of force fields on them is diverse. The ability to regulate intermolecular interactions and the size of complex structural units are significant in the operation of lubricants. Electric fields make it possible to control phase interactions in these dispersed systems: they increase the constant dipole moments of particles and the electrosurface forces, which contribute to the deformation of the electric double layer. Under the action of strong electric fields, structural changes occur in hydrocarbon dispersion systems, which significantly change the physicochemical properties of lubricating materials. Thus, the dynamic viscosity of the lubricant and its resistance to deformation may change depending on the chemical nature of the system.

Previously conducted experimental studies allow us to formulate the requirements for the stand in detail, which enables investigation of the properties of petroleum-based liquids. Thus, it is possible to achieve increased anti-wear properties of petroleum-based liquids when the liquid passes through the gap between the electrodes in an electrostatic field. The voltage between the electrodes should be U = 1000–1500 V, and the speed of the liquid movement in the space between the electrodes should be V = 4.5–6.5 m/s. The power supply unit of the stand for electroprocessing petroleum-based liquids, proposed in this paper, meets these requirements.

The article proposes a fundamentally new scheme for the power supply unit of the laboratory stand for direct current electrotreatment of petroleum-based liquids. The power supply unit is a bipolar source of adjustable direct current. It provides smooth regulation of the voltage from 0 to 3000 V and step regulation of the output current. The block has double protection against short circuits at the output and input.