Удосконалення знань здобувачів закладів вищої освіти з безпекових дисциплін як напрям зниження травматизму у виробничій і невиробничій сферах

Abstract

UA: Досліджено всесвітню проблему надвисокого рівня професійних захворювань, травматизму у виробничій і невиробничій сферах. Описано позицію Міжнародної організації праці стосовно вирішення цієї проблеми. Проаналізовано зміни обсягу навчального навантаження безпекових дисциплін, що вивчають у ЗВО України. Підтверджено взаємозв’язок зниження безпекової відповідальності працюючих здобувачів, населення в системах «людина – невиробниче середовище», «людина – виробниче середовище» зі зниженням обсягу, рівня знань.

EN: At this stage of the evolution of human society, the formation of the sphere of human security takes place under the influence of a complex dynamic process, which includes the intensification of scientific and technical progress, comprehensive informatization, a critical level of anthropogenic load on the Earth's biosphere, and the intensification of emergency situations. Moreover, this applies to both the «man – production environment» and «man – non-production, household environment» systems. The conclusions of the International Labor Organization and the World Health Organization, which are based on the analysis of statistical data for the last 5...7 years, indicate the following. The injury rate in these systems is not only dangerously high, but also has a steady upward trend. The security situation in Ukraine is extremely difficult. Its complexity is significantly increased by the current emergency situation of a military nature. At the same time, it negatively affects the safety condition of the «man – production environment» system. Thus, according to the data of the State Labor Department of Ukraine for 2022-2023, military actions of Russia's armed aggression became a fairly frequent cause of industrial accidents. The analysis of the causes of accidents in the production, non-production and household spheres shows that the risks are realized in most cases due to the lack of safety knowledge, irresponsibility of employees to comply with the established safety rules when performing work, ignorance and lack of knowledge of a significant part of the population of Ukraine about possible dangers during their stay, including outside the production environment. The fact that even in the field of educational activities a significant number of accidents, including those involving employees of educational institutions, is alarming. Based on this situation in the field of safety, official documents have been developed in Ukraine, which describe ways to reduce the level of injuries in industrial, non-industrial and household spheres. In these documents, it is determined that the improvement of the education system is one of the main directions of solving the problem. Similar conclusions were made in foreign countries. That is, the relationship between the decrease in the safety responsibility of students, workers, and the population with the decrease in the level of knowledge in the field of safety has been confirmed.