Планування зовнішньоекономічної діяльності машинобудівного комплексу національного господарства

Abstract

UA: Дисертаційну роботу присвячено розробленню теоретико-методичних положень і практичних рекомендацій щодо планування зовнішньоекономічної діяльності машинобудівного комплексу України в контексті реалізації завдань забезпечення його конкурентоспроможності на світовому ринку. Ґрунтуючись на значенні стратегічних об’єднань у забезпеченні конкурентоспроможності машинобудівного комплексу, сформовано теоретичні основи планування зовнішньоекономічної діяльності машинобудівного комплексу. Розвинено теоретичні положення стратегічного планування зовнішньоекономічної діяльності машинобудівного комплексу в частині державного забезпечення діяльності стратегічного об’єднання. Доопрацьовані концептуальні положення планування потенціалу зовнішньоекономічної діяльності стратегічного об’єднання в машинобудуванні через врахування додаткових можливостей, які утворюються в результаті стратегічної співпраці. Сформовано процес планування зовнішньоекономічної діяльності стратегічного об’єднання в машинобудуванні. Удосконалено організаційний підхід до адаптивного планування зовнішньоекономічної діяльності машинобудівного комплексу через обґрунтування створення центру стратегічної координації в складі Міністерства економічного розвитку і торгівлі. Розроблено підхід до планування витрат, пов’язаних із додатковим залученням установ для забезпечення ЗЕД стратегічного об’єднання в машинобудуванні, який засновано на економіко-математичній моделі визначення максимально можливого розміру зазначеного виду витрат залежно від обраної конкурентної стратегії.

EN: The thesis is devoted to the development of theoretical and methodological provisions and practical recommendations for the planning of foreign economic activity of the machine-building complex of Ukraine in the context of realizing the tasks for ensuring its competitiveness in the world market. The key role of strategic association in the process of creating a high-tech, science-intensive, efficient and competitive machine-building complex according to the European standards is proved. The abovementioned became the basis for the formation of theoretical principles of planning of foreign economic activity of a strategic association in mechanic engineering by allocating groups of principles for planning its foreign economic activity (FEA), which should include: classical principles; principles that take into account the peculiarities of the strategic interaction of the participants of the association; principles of ensuring long-term competitive advantages in the world market. The fundamental importance of a state in the process of FEA planning of a machine-building complex and ensuring the implementation of existing plans and projects is determined and it permitted to develop detailed theoretical provisions of the strategic planning of foreign economic activity of a machine-building complex in terms of state support for the activities of the strategic association. They define the conditions (macroeconomic stability, reliability of legal and regulatory framework for the formation and functioning of strategic associations, elimination of barriers for the export of products of strategic associations, harmonization of human resources policy, reliability of innovation infrastructure) the tools for implementing the strategy for the state ensuring of strategic associations in mechanic engineering are formed in accordance with them. Additional possibilities come out as a result of strategic association, namely: techno-technological, innovative, personnel, organizational and managerial, financial and investment, export and information and logistics. They form key factors in the success of a strategic association and permit to hold the leading position in the world market of machine-building products. The abovementioned became the basis for the developed conceptual provisions of planning the potential of FEA strategic integration in mechanic engineering. It is revealed that rigid and unstable external conditions of the present require not only the definition of the principles of planning of foreign economic activity, but also the corresponding improvement of the methods of its management, which in aggregate will be the key to constant intensification of foreign economic activity. On the basis of this, the strategic planning process of FEA strategic association in mechanic engineering has been improved, the basis of which was the following: the joint strategic goal of FEA association according to which it is expedient to determine the system of mutually agreed goals, strategies and plans in mechanic engineering; a set of agreed baseline target indicators of foreign economic activity; consolidation of efforts of all leading parts of the machine-building complex during the execution of the planned actions. It was established that ensuring the efficiency of the management of FEA of a machine-building complex in conditions of increasing competition in the world market requires the application of an adaptive approach in its planning system, which will permit to respond in a timely manner to constant and unpredictable changes of the external environment. Therefore, considering the aggressiveness and variability of the meso- and macro-profile, in order to increase the controllability of FEA of a machine-building complex and improve its economic results, an organizational model of adaptive planning of FEA of a machine-building complex was proposed, in which the establishment of the centre of strategic coordination within the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade was substantiated. It is proved that the functioning of the center of strategic coordination, as well as other providing units, is associated with the emergence of additional costs, the size of which negatively affects the financial results of the FEA implementation of the mechanical engineering complex. This issue is especially acute in the case of strategic associations that will sell their goods on the world market, since their main activity should be almost always marketing, logistics, insurance, consulting and other support, which accordingly requires additional costs. Taking into account this in the work, the economic-mathematical model of planning the costs associated with the provision of foreign economic activity strategic association, which allows you to determine the maximum possible size of this type of expenditure, depending on his chosen competitive strategy.