Обґрунтування конструкції кранового ходового колеса з еластичною вставкою

Abstract

UA: У статті розглянуто модернізовану конструкцію кранового ходового колеса з еластичною вставкою. Метою дослідження є обґрунтування раціональної конструкції ходового колеса на основі визначення динамічних зусиль, які виникають при пересуванні вантажного візка та мосту крана. Отримано залежності для визначення динамічних зусиль, які виникають при пересуванні ходового кранового колеса з урахуванням жорсткості пружного кільця, яке вставлено в ходове колесо. Запропоновано конструкцію і методику розрахунку ходового кранового колеса із завулканізованим кільцем.

EN: The article considers the modernized design of the crane running wheel with an elastic insert.The purpose of the study is to substantiate the rational design of the running wheel on the basis of determining the dynamic forces that occur when moving the truck and the crane bridge. Crane equipment is of great importance for the mechanization of lifting and transport operations in various industries. Bridge cranes perform various lifting and transport operations. Installation and dismantling of equipment and machines. Also take part in the technological process of the metallurgical industry. The costs associated with the replacement and restoration of the running wheels are 15-17% of the cost of repairing the entire crane. At the same time more than 90% of crane wheels fail due to wear of flanges. The main tasks for the diagnosis of crane wheels and rail tracks are usually solved during scheduled maintenance by visual inspection of the wheel and rail and identify their wear. But this diagnostic tool does not quite satisfy the modern conditions of the cranes, namely, the compatible condition of the wheels and rails is not assessed, and it is impossible to carry out such control constantly during operation. Mechanisms for moving bridge cranes have several designs. The mechanism for moving the truck, as a rule, has one drive, which transmits motion to the two drive wheels. The mechanisms of movement of the crane can be with the central and separate drive. The mechanisms of movement with the central drive can be with a low-speed transmission shaft, with a high-speed transmission shaft and with a medium-speed transmission shaft. With this design, the gearbox shafts are connected to the drive wheel shaft by means of a clutch and a transmission shaft. This impairs the operation of the entire mechanism, because the presence of the transmission shaft increases the complexity of the manufacture of the crane and its weight and requires a very precise installation. To overcome these shortcomings, a separate drive of the end beams of the bridge is used. If the load on one of the support beams of the bridge is less than on the other, the engine speed on this support increases and the support begins to run forward relative to the more loaded support. But the first engine begins to receive increased load, which is transmitted through the metal structure of the bridge and unloads the engine of the second support, due to which the speed of the first engine decreases and the speed of the second engine increases until they are equalized. Thus, in the process of moving the crane with a separate drive is the redistribution of load between the two engines. Although the scheme of the mechanism with separate drives requires two engines, two brakes and two gearboxes, it is the cheapest, light weight and easy to manufacture. The design of running wheels of cranes and crane carts should exclude a possibility of derailment of wheels. To do this, the running wheels have two side flanges - flanges, which serve to guide the running wheels on the rails. The dynamic forces that arise when moving the trucks of cranes are quite large and cannot be ignored when designing cranes. Most of all, they are manifested by wear of wheels and rails during the occurrence of distortions on the cranes. Thus, improving the performance and operational reliability of crane running wheels is a very important task of modern crane construction. The research technique is based on analytical methods of research of dynamic efforts in the mechanism of movement of the truck of the bridge crane. The decision of three mass dynamic schemes of movement of the cargo cart is received. The analysis of the received decisions showed that at application of a running wheel with an elastic insert, dynamic factors at movement of the truck decreases. Dependences for determination of dynamic forces which arise at movement of a running crane wheel taking into account rigidity of an elastic ring which is inserted into a running wheel are received. The design and a technique of calculation of a running crane wheel with the vulcanized ring are offered.