Вплив помилок у визначенні ухилу трасування на точність геодезичного обґрунтування траси

Abstract

UA: Накопичення помилок у передачі координат при проєктуванні залізничної лінії призводить не тільки до зміни будівельної вартості та обсягів робіт, але й змінює умови проєктування ліній і величину експлуатаційних витрат. У статті математично обґрунтовано чинники, які впливають на довжину лінії, що проєктується. Встановлено, що вплив помилок у ходах робочого обґрунтування проявляється в розбіжності істинної та запроєктованої протяжності траси. Неврахування цієї помилки призведе до значних перевитрат коштів під час будівництва лінії більшої протяжності, ніж це необхідно.

EN: The purpose of this article is to study and develop a methodological approach to solving the problem of accuracy of the geodetic base of the route. For this purpose, the following tasks are set: mathematical substantiation the dependence of the line length on the ratio of the trace slope and the guide slope; description of the function of optimal use of the guiding slope at high speed; determination of the impact of errors in the course of the geodetic justification on the route length. Starting from the determined point and further to the right, artificial development of the line is required. Because when a trace is planed using level curves, this point can be reached sooner or later, and in some cases, this point can not be reached not at all, the line length designed according to the plan will be slightly different than in the case of tracing with usage the exact data. Thus, the obtained results indicate the following. If the error positions during a high-speed segment are such that the ordnance datum of the passage is less than the truth, the route length will be less than the true and vice versa. This trivial result indicates that the location of geodetic support points on different sides of the pass is not recommended. It is established that due to the accumulation of errors in the transmission of coordinates in the working substantiation networks, the conditions of the line design and the amount of operating costs change. It is mathematically substantiated that the line length depends on the depth of the excavation on the pass and the height of the embankment at the point, and also on the difference of ordnance datum at these points. The difference between the trace slope and the guiding slope has an inversely proportional effect. In addition, the function of optimal use of the guide slope at a high-speed segment has the form of a broken line according to its fractures the need for artificial development of the route can be established. The influence of errors in the course of the working justification is manifested in the discrepancy between the true and projected route length. If this error is not taken into account, it will lead to significant overspending during building a longer line than necessary. Further development of the problem of increasing the accuracy of tracing and reducing the impact of errors is planned in the direction of creating methods of digital modelling and automated programs.