Аналіз особливостей спрацювання кузовів пасажирських вагонів

Abstract

UA: У статті розглянуто питання аналізу особливостей зносу кузовів пасажирських вагонів. Вибірку пасажирських вагонів складають моделі, розроблені та виготовлені ще у 70–80-х роках минулого століття, основу якого складають вагони, успадковані Україною ще від колишнього СРСР. Проведено порівняльний аналіз величини та характеру спрацювання конструктивних елементів вагонів різних типів та років їх побудови. Результати дослідження дали змогу розглянути питання подальшого використання пасажирських вагонів, які найбільш уражені корозією.

EN: The article considers the issues of analysis of the patterns of operation of the load bearing elements of the body of carriage. A comparative analysis of the size and nature of the operation of structural elements of carriages of different types and years of their construction. In recent years, there has been a significant aging of the operational fleet of carriage. At nowadays, carriages of various models and their modifications with an extended service life, which is approaching the limit, are in operation on the railway network of Ukraine. The technical, economic and ecological indicators of transport, the degree of reliability and traffic safety depend on the age of the carriages. At nowadays, the level of development of technical means and technology of repair and restoration of rolling stock is increasing fast. To increase the competitiveness of rail passenger transport, it is necessary to overcome the high degree of wear of the carriages fleet of JSC «Ukrzaliznytsia». Because of the lack of domestic and the complete absence of foreign investment in the railways, the tendency to increase physical depreciation and obsolescence of fixed assets is progressing. According to the data of the branch of «Passenger Company» JSC «Ukrzaliznytsia» in 2020 the inventory includes is almost 5 thousand carriages, most of which have served their intended service life. As a result, the current wear of the carriages fleet is approaching 92 %. Most of the carriages fleet was built in the 70s and 90s of the last century at car plants in Germany and Russia. Due to the constant lack of funding, the fleet of carriages of JSC «Ukrzaliznytsia»was renewed at a slow pace. Every year the carriages fleet wears out and ages. This reduces the competitiveness of railways, which negatively effects on quantity of passenger traffic. Naturally, carriages should not only create the necessary level of comfort, but also ensure traffic safety and high reliability in operation. The results of the study made it possible to consider the issue of further use of carriages, which are most affected by corrosion.