Оцінка ризиків відмов обладнання локомотивів в експлуатації

Abstract

UA: На системи і обладнання локомотивів в експлуатації впливає значна кількість чинників, які, в комплексі діючи на роботу системи і обладнання, можуть призвести до ризикованих ситуацій, включаючи відмову. У статті розглядаються питання оцінки ризиків відмов обладнання локомотивів. Так, показано, що надійна робота тягових електричних двигунів (ТЕД) залежить від ризиків роботи локомотива в складних умовах, зменшення швидкості нижче розрахункової та перевищення маси поїзда більше за критичну. Для розрахунку ризиків відмови ТЕД розроблено алгоритм для прийняття рішень щодо їх подальшої експлуатації.

EN: The systems and equipment of locomotives in operation are affected by a significant number of factors that in combination with the operation of the system and equipment can lead to risky situations, including failure. Failure of a technical system, such as a locomotive, leads to significant costs. Thus, the stop of the train leads to the failure of the transportation process and, accordingly, the loss of time for delivery of goods or passengers to the destination, the cost of eliminating the aftermath of the refusal. In addition, in special cases, failure can have a negative impact on the environment. The amount of loss depends on the conditions in which the failure occurred, and is an accidental event. The article considers the issues of risk assessment of locomotive equipment failures. For technical systems, the calculations use the characteristic of the mathematical expectation of risk, the value of which is defined as the set of losses in the event of a dangerous event on the probability of this event. Based on the amount of costs that may arise in case of failure, determining the amount of risk is an urgent task that arises in the framework of ensuring the efficiency and safety of locomotives. In particular, it is shown that the reliable operation of traction electric motors (TED) depends on the risks of locomotive operation in difficult conditions, reducing the speed below the design and exceeding the mass of the train more critical. For risk management the methods which are fixed in the international (ISO), state (DSTU) and branch standards are developed. Most methods are based on methods of mathematical statistics and reliability theory. However, in the operation of TRS is characterized by a vague idea of the limit values of some parameters and safety assessment in excess of these limits.