Удосконалення принципових схем інформаційно-вимірювальних та комутаційних компонентів систем залізничної автоматики електронними засобами комп’ютерної інженерії

Abstract

UA: Наведено результати досліджень схемотехнічних рішень електронних реле, які застосовуються у складі пристроїв і систем залізничної автоматики та телемеханіки залізничної автоматики. Подібні розробки для прикладних задач досі не набули значного поширення. Розроблено методи та схемні рішення електронних вузлів – аналогів котушки та контактів реле. Ці розробки є перспективними для створення нових електронних реле як компонентів для автоматики систем управління залізничного транспорту.

EN: Technical re-equipment of the national railway, incl. the introduction of new means and systems of railway automation is one of the important directions of the development of the railway branch management systems. Existing systems of national railway automation are built using various electromechanical relays. These relays have been developed a long time ago and not all of them are manufactured in Ukraine. Recently, electronic relays (ER) that can reproduce the functions of electromagnetic relays similar in purpose, have become widespread among the means of railway automation. However, the final product of the ER differs significantly from the electromagnetic in its structure, maintainability, and other important characteristics. At the same time, the world's leading developers of electronic (solid-state) relays have some experience and typical industrial solutions that have proven themselves in various areas. There is a significant difference between generalpurpose relays and ERs for railway automation. The last ones, in particular, have high requirements for the level of reliability and functional safety. Thus, it is quite important to develop circuit solutions ER, which would cover the positive experience of developers and contain advanced solutions of world leaders. The paper develops and substantiates circuit solutions of important components of the ER, which could later become typical for use in components, subsystems, and systems of railway automation as components of specialized computer systems for the routes safety technological calculations. ERs have certain advantages over electromechanical analogs. First of all, it is a high-reliability connection. The norm for electromechanical relays of the first (highest) class of reliability is one million guaranteed operations on contacts without electric load. Ordinary electronic contacts easily overlap this norm by several orders of magnitude. However, electronic contacts have their own characteristics. To date, for the ER circuits most widely used MOSFET-transistors with the induced channels as electronic contacts.