Еволюція системи кондиціювання повітря в пасажирських вагонах

Abstract

UA: Забезпечення комфортності на залізничному транспорті неможливе без системи кондиціювання повітря. Нові стандарти різних держав встановлюють нові вимоги щодо комфортності клімату для пасажирського рухомого складу, враховуючи зростання вимог пасажирів щодо комфортності поїздок залізничним транспортом. У статті розглянуто різні системи кондиціювання повітря, встановлені на вагонах, що курсують залізницею України, та зазначено, як удосконалення систем кондиціювання повітря пов’язане з розвитком високошвидкісного руху.

EN: One of the most pressing problems in ensuring the comfort of staying in passenger carriages of the railway transport is to ensure the physico-chemical cleanliness of the ambient air to ensure a comfortable stay of passengers. The most important parameters are the following: - meteorological conditions (temperature, humidity, air velocity, pressure) - chemical composition of air (content of gases and vapors) - Physiological indicators (the content of microbes, microorganisms, dust). The first group of indicators is affected by the amount of precipitation, the intensity of solar radiation, the direction and speed of the wind. Unfortunately, the listed phenomena of nature are not subject to man, although in some of them mankind already selects the keys of control, artificially changing the climate in large areas. Unlike the artificial climate, air conditioning is a process of a narrower value and characterizes the change in the state of air in a given room or enters it. In passenger cars, the use of air conditioning is caused by low heat resistance, a small room volume that accounts for one passenger, as a consequence, passengers within a short time cross climatic zones with different weather conditions. Consequently, the provision of comfort in railway transport, including in railway vehicles, is impossible without an air conditioning system. The new standards of different countries set new requirements for climate comfort and heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems for passenger rolling stock, taking into account global climate changes (increase in temperature and the level of solar radiation) and increasing passenger requirements for the comfort of travel by rail. This concerns: system security, climate control, energy consumption and efficiency, reliability, availability and the like. The article considers various air conditioning systems installed on wagons plying on Ukraine's railways, and is noted as an improvement in air conditioning systems associated with the development of high-speed traffic.