Комплекс методик оцінки надійності роботи локомотивних бригад високошвидкісного руху

Abstract

UA: В статті запропоновано методичний комплекс для визначення надійності роботи оператора локомотива високошвидкісних магістралей. Ми пропонуємо використовувати психофізіологічне обстеження локомотивних бригад, що складається з сенсомоторної реакції, реакції оператора на рухомий об’єкт, оцінювання швидкості переключення уваги, обсягу оперативної пам'яті, емоційної стійкості, стійкості до стресу, здатності приймати рішення і діяти в екстремальних умовах, стійкості до монотонії.

EN: The development of railway transport leads to the constant complication of the system of interaction between man and machine. There is a constant risk of traffic accidents due to an increase in loads on a human, so there is a need to increase the requirements for its mental and physical capabilities in the process of work. In the system of measures to improve the quality and efficiency of transport on the railway, reducing industrial injuries, rational use of labor resources, ensuring the safety of trains, an important role belongs to the psycho-physiological support of the labor activity of employees of railway enterprises in general and rolling stock operators in particular. The article proposed a set of methods for determining the reliability of the operator of the locomotive of high-speed highways. Analysis of the intensity and severity of activity, the impact of harmful factors of the working environment showed that the professions of locomotive drivers of ordinary movement and high-speed movement are inherent in common features that allow to evaluate the psycho-physiological state of these workers for the same professionally important qualities. It should be noted that when assessing the reliability of work, the following engineering and psychological characteristics are used: speed, accuracy, reliability, attentiveness, operator activity intensity. Based on the experience of psychophysiological examinations of drivers and machinist assistants, which are held in the locomotive depot "Ukrzaliznytsia" we propose to use the methodical complex of examination of locomotive crews. The complex of techniques includes an assessment of simple and complex sensorimotor reactions, the operator's response to a moving object, the speed of switching attention, the amount of operational visual and auditory memory, emotional stability, anxiety, stress resistance, ability to make decisions and act in extreme conditions, resistance to monotony and fatigue.