Визначення параметрів напружено-деформованого стану піввагона при розвантаженні роторним вагоноперекидачем

Abstract

UA: У статті опрацьовано специфіку силових факторів, а саме експлуатаційних навантажень, що впливають на міцність кузовів піввагонів при їх вивантаженні на стаціонарних роторних вагоноперекидачах, проаналізовано можливі характерні пошкодження і несправності при цьому. Побудовано скінчено-елементні моделі конструкції і виконано оцінювання параметрів напружено-деформованого стану. Надано рекомендації щодо модернізації шляхом проєктування та зміцнення тих конструкційних зон кузова, що схильні до екстремального впливу експлуатаційних навантажень за розрахунковим режимом,обумовленим використанням розвантаження на вагоноперекидачах.

EN: In the article the specifics of force factors namely operating loads influencing durability of bodies of gondola cars at their unloading on stationary rotary car tippers are processed, possible characteristic damages and malfunctions at the same time are analyzed. Finite-element models of the structure are constructed and the stress-strain state is estimated. Recommendations for modernization by designing and strengthening those structural areas of the body that are subject to extreme exposure to operating loads, according to the design regime, which is due to the use of unloading on a car dumpers. Unloading of gondola cars in the method of overturning was introduced at industrial enterprises in the last century and is now successfully carried out with the help of stationary rotary wagon tippers. The task of the study of the stress-strain state of the body of the wagon, based on the features of the mutual operation of the mechanical system was solved by numerical integration of differential equations of distribution of full potential of potential energy on structural elements – applied variation methods of elasticity theory, theoretical and structural mechanics of machine-building constructions, and also resistance of materials whose basic laws are integrated into the most exact method for strength analysis. The maximum values of stresses in the structural zones of the side wall at the full cycle of overturning the body PV reach more than 800 MPa, which significantly exceeds the allowable for steel grades used in car building, and will inevitably lead to other deformations. This is especially observed at an angle of rotation of the system by 90 °, the maximum displacement is more than 60-70 mm. After careful research of technologies and technical means of unloading by the method of overturning the analysis concerning force influence of working bodies of car tippers on the basic elements of a bearing design of a body was carried out. The obtained results allowed to conclude that strengthening and adaptation of the body structure to the real conditions of unloading will directly reduce the number of damages and operational malfunctions, so these measures should primarily be taken in the design, development and construction of new generation gondola bodies unloading by rotary car dumpers or wagon tippers.