Трансформація інноваційних систем підприємств залізничного транспорту в умовах цифровізації

Abstract

UA: У статті досліджено трансформаційні тенденції, характерні для сучасного етапу розвитку суб’єктів транспортно-логістичної сфери, зокрема підприємств залізничної галузі. Проаналізовано вплив цифровізації на зміну принципів господарювання підприємств залізничного транспорту і на цій основі доведено доцільність переформатування їх інноваційної системи. Досліджено особливості формування відкритих та закритих інноваційних систем за такими критеріями, як тип інноваційного середовища, особливості взаємодії суб’єктів інноваційної діяльності, тривалість інноваційного циклу, тип інновацій і роль споживача в інноваційному процесі. Акцентовано увагу на доцільності формування відкритих інноваційних систем на підприємствах залізничного транспорту, для яких характерним є використання не лише власних, а й зовнішніх ідей, технологій, способів виходу на ринок тощо.

EN: The article examines transformational trends characteristic of the current stage of development of subjects of the transport and logistics sector, in particular enterprises of the railway transport. It is established that digital innovations are now considered as a key factor for successful adaptation of entities to new business conditions, the introduction of which in the activities of enterprises contributes to the optimization of processes, sustainable development of business entities and the establishment of their effective communication with stakeholders. It is emphasized that the acceleration of technological progress and the reduction of the innovation life cycle requires increasing the pace and, accordingly, the cost of research activities, which in the conditions of limited own resources of the enterprise creates the need to find new approaches to the organization of innovation activities and involve other economic entities in the innovation process. The article analyzes the current state and trends in the development of railway transport enterprises, the peculiarities of the impact of digitalization on changing the principles of their management and transforming the innovative environment of railway industry enterprises. It is established that against the background of the development of the digital economy, drastic changes are also taking place in the innovative environment of railway transport enterprises, associated with the large-scale penetration of digital technologies into their activities, the deepening of Global Innovation Partnership and cooperation based on the development of digital ecosystems, the strengthening of cross-functionality and convergence of elements of the innovation system, the transition from mass standardized production to the development of customized products and services. The features of the formation of open and closed innovation systems according to such criteria as the type of innovation environment, features of interaction of subjects of innovation activity, the duration of the innovation cycle, the type of innovation and the role of the consumer in the innovation process are studied. Attention is focused on the expediency of forming open innovative systems at railway transport enterprises, which are characterized by the use of not only their own, but also external ideas, technologies, ways to enter the market, etc.their management and transforming the innovative environment of railway industry enterprises. It is established that against the background of the development of the digital economy, drastic changes are also taking place in the innovative environment of railway transport enterprises, associated with the large-scale penetration of digital technologies into their activities, the deepening of Global Innovation Partnership and cooperation based on the development of digital ecosystems, the strengthening of cross-functionality and convergence of elements of the innovation system, the transition from mass standardized production to the development of customized products and services. The features of the formation of open and closed innovation systems according to such criteria as the type of innovation environment, features of interaction of subjects of innovation activity, the duration of the innovation cycle, the type of innovation and the role of the consumer in the innovation process are studied. Attention is focused on the expediency of forming open innovative systems at railway transport enterprises, which are characterized by the use of not only their own, but also external ideas, technologies, ways to enter the market, etc.