Адаптивний розвиток підприємств України в умовах воєнного стану

Abstract

UA: Стаття присвячена питанням пристосування підприємств до мінливих зовнішніх умов, серед яких головна - військовий стан. Війна нанесла і продовжує наносити значну шкоду економіці нашої країни. Всі сфери бізнесу та суб’єкти господарювання відчули на собі вплив воєнного стану через руйнування, обстріли, блекаути, мобілізацію, виїзд працівників закордон, скорочення платоспроможності населення та інші чинники. За таких умов підприємства змушені підлаштовуватися під вимоги зовнішнього середовища шляхом адаптації до його викликів. Одним з підходів адаптивного управління є стратегічне планування, який при визначенні напрямів діяльності підприємств враховує динамізм зовнішнього середовища. Це дозволяє керівництву швидко та адекватно реагувати на виклики та приймати оптимальні управлінські рішення.

EN: The war has caused and continues to cause significant damage to the economy of our country. All areas of business and economic entities have felt the impact of martial law through destruction, shelling, blackouts, mobilization, departure of workers abroad, reduction of the population's solvency and other factors. Under such conditions, enterprises are force to adapt to the requirements of the external environment by adapting to its challenges. Ukrainian enterprises are force to work in a very unstable environment. Moreover, the instability of the business environment today is constantly growing. If an enterprise faces a real threat from the external environment, management is need based on flexible solutions in emergencies that can manifest themselves in a much shorter time than planned. In this situation, the company's management must solve tasks in response to the emergence of problems, prepare strategic decisions based on weak signals, and in some cases (in the face of strategic surprises) conduct business in difficult-to-predict situations. In modern conditions, strategic planning replaces long-term planning and is a key factor in adaptive management. After all, real-time management allows enterprise managers to adequately response to unexpected and urgent changes in the external and internal environment of the company. In practice, strategic management methods are acceptable for modern domestic companies due to their effectiveness in an unstable environment. However, the growing dynamism and uncertainty of the external and internal business environment increase the organizational complexity of management, complicating the management system and leading to the need for constant improvement of its methods, as implemented in neoclassical management. The modern approach to corporate governance in unstable situations is base on the following ideas: enterprise should be considered as a system consisting of interconnected elements and connections with the external environment (system approach); decision-making should be based on the study of the entire complex of situational factors (situational approach); management is a series of interrelated actions (management functions), which are performed in the order of planning, organization, management and control. Each management function consists of interrelated sub functions. Thus, the management process is the sum of all functions and sub functions (process approach); effectively achieve the goals of the enterprise, it is necessary to use human potential to the maximum, based on psychological and sociological data (behavioral approach); management is a certain logical process that can be expressed in mathematical symbols and dependencies (quantitative approach).