Напрями забезпечення конкурентоспроможності транспорту в умовах інтенсифікації екологічних процесів в економіці

Abstract

UA: Стаття присвячена питанням забезпечення конкурентоспроможного розвитку транспорту в умовах становлення «зеленої» економіки, одним з напрямів якої є захист довкілля через скорочення викидів парникових газів. У дослідженні розкрито основні напрями формування «зелених» перевезень в сучасному світі, серед яких екологоємність транспортного засобу, мікромобільність, доречність тощо. Зазначено, що «зелені» інновації є одним з чинників забезпечення екологізації транспорту. Виділено декарбонізацію, як провідний шлях скорочення викидів вуглекислого газу від транспортних перевезень. Зауважено, що відповідно до формування «зеленого» світогляду споживачів відбувається тиск на логістичні компанії, що змушує їх шукати та реалізовувати альтернативні рішення в перевізному процесі, з метою підвищення економічної ефективності і одночасного задоволення сегментованого попиту на транспортну роботу.

EN: The complexity and acceleration of socio-economic processes in the global world places corresponding requirements on the transport sector to ensure the competitiveness of logistics support. Along with such indicators of transport work as delivery time, quality, reliability, safety, etc., which have always determined the competitive advantages of transport enterprises, new requirements arise for the transportation process, including the reduction of negative impact on the environment. Environmental friendliness gives a new impetus to transport, since the main goal of logistics development is to reduce dependence on vehicle emissions and ensure the functioning of a "green" economy. However, this is a very difficult task, given the popularity of traditional vehicles in the transportation process around the world. It is worth recognizing that the need to use environmentally friendly transport is the result of the effective work of relevant international organizations that contribute to ensuring sustainable development of the world. Today, the task of logistics support of the transportation process is to expand and improve transport services in order to create an alternative to cars and trucks, which cause significant damage to the environment. This is achieving by expanding the infrastructure of ecological transport, improving existing transport services and creating favorable conditions for the development of environmentally friendly transport. The sphere of "green" logistics is becoming a tool for increasing the stability of cargo distribution, since the material needs of economic activity, including end users, must be satisfied. It is necessary to find new areas of development, one of which is technological "green" innovations, which play a significant role in aggravating environmental problems and sustainable development problems, while providing the possibility of mitigating them. Innovations in the transport sector should become the driving force of sustainable development in the future; in particular, one of such areas is the decarburization of transport. Note that the decarburization of transport aims to reduce, mitigate or even eliminate carbon emissions by adapting transport infrastructure, vehicles and businesses. The increasing competitiveness of transport based on decarburization expected to replace transport technologies that rely on fossil fuels. The advancement of the decarburization process is mainly associated with electrification, and modes of transport such as air and sea need to convert to alternative fuels. Another important direction for the implementation of environmental initiatives in transport is the pressure from consumers and suppliers, which forces business entities to solve environmental problems in transport processes. Such pressure can force logistics companies undergoing digital transformation to take responsible measures, including active participation in environmental protection activities and investment in initiatives to implement "green" innovations.