Концепція подовження термінів експлуатаціїї локомотивів

Abstract

UA: Завдяки закладеним при проєктуванні локомотивів нормативам, що забезпечують надійність, навіть при досягненні або перевищенні нормативного терміну експлуатації для більш ніж 90 % локомотивів залізничний транспорт продовжує виконувати свої функції. Як показує світовий і вітчизняний досвід експлуатації ТРС, потрібні термінові зміни в усіх ланках промисловості і експлуатації. У статті розглядається концепція відносно загальних підходів подовження термінів експлуатації локомотивів.

EN: Due to the reliability standard set during the design and even when it reaches or exceeds the standard service life of more than 90 % of locomotives, railway transport continues to perform its functions. Many years of experience in the operation of locomotives confirm the correctness of the norms laid down in the standards for their design to the design loads and indicators of dynamics and strength of load-bearing structures: the standard stock ratio (2) ensures their operation during the service life. (25 ... 30 years) In many countries, as part of the extension of the service life of TRS at one time had to solve complex scientific and applied problems. For example, most recently in European countries, rolling stock depreciation was up to 65% of service life. In the interaction of TRS producers and users, the concept of repair and modernization of TRS at the facilities of manufacturers was adopted, and the amount of modernization depended on customer requirements. After the modernization of the extension of the service life of TRS, it could be used on certain sections of the railway or in other types of work: economic, export, shunting. In our country, the long-term operation of the TRS of a small number of series led to the fact that the rolling stock was almost not renewed and the problem of extending the service life was not solved. Now difficult political and environmental factors have led to the fact that after some time it will be dangerous to use rail transport. As the world and domestic experience of TRS operation shows, urgent changes in all links of the industry and operation are necessary. The resource of TRS put in production allows to keep and maneuver in a choice of strategy of management of the maintenance of TRS. In connection with the aging of rolling stock and the development of the assigned service life are relevant to the study of the original and residual resources of the structure. To do this, the standards must be clarified and supplemented on the basis of accumulated operating experience and taking into account modern knowledge to assess and ensure the necessary durability and safety of operation of vehicles. Based on this, the topic of changing the system of extending the service life is relevant. The article considers the concept of general approaches to extending the service life of locomotives.