Аналіз стану рейок у процесі експлуатації

Abstract

UA: Розглянуто причини виходу з ладу рейок, дефекти, що виникають унаслідок цього, та їх місцезнаходження. Досліджено розподіл зневуглецьованого шару по периметру і довжині рейки,а також зв'язок між уже утвореними напливами і зневуглецьованим шаром. Як зразок використано 2-метровий шматок рейки, що не був в експлуатації. Вивчено характер перебігу пластичних деформацій рейкового металу з наявністю зневуглецьованого шару і без нього.

EN: The causes of the failure of rails, the defects that are emerge consequently and their location are considered in the article. The distribution of the decarburized layer along the perimeter and length of the rail is investigated. The character of the flow of plastic deformations of a rail metal with the presence of a decarburized layer and without it has been studied. During the crystallization of ingots, carbon atoms migrate to the surface of the casting and decarburization of the surface. The presence of the decarburized layer on the contact surface of the rail plays a role in the initial stage of the plastic deformation process that occurs when there is a contact stress. The dependence of the distribution of the decarburized layer along the length of the rail head and the relationship between the already created inflows and the decarburized layer is established. A graph of the distribution of the decarburized layer along the length of a 2 meter rail piece is constructed. Simultaneously, the character of the distribution of nonmetallic inclusions along the section of the rail head was also investigated. There is a strong contamination of metal rails with nonmetallic inclusions of oxide and sulphide character. The presence of clusters of nonmetallic inclusions contributes to the development of a fracture in the fractional section. The development of this crack to the surface of rolling is excluded due to the presence of compressive stresses in the surface hardened metal layer of the rail.