Вибір методів діагностування допоміжних електричних машин електровозів постійного струму

Abstract

UA: У статті розглянуто актуальну проблему вибору методу діагностування допоміжних електричних машин електровозів. Праналізовано існуючі підходи до діагностування найбільш проблемних частин – обмоток та підшипникових вузлів. Проведений аналіз дав змогу вибрати два методи для комплексної діагностики стану ізоляції обмоток та доповнити їх перевіркою стану підшипників, що забезпечує системний підхід до перевірки електричних машин.

EN: The article deals with the actual problem of choosing the method of diagnosing auxiliary electric cars of electric locomotives. From the reliability of electric cars traction rolling stock depends not only on the reliability of the locomotive, but also traffic safety and the ability to provide the transportation process. Therefore, the issue of improving the reliability of electrical machines is relevant. The analysis of existing approaches to the diagnostics of the most problematic parts - windings and bearing units is carried out. These nodes account for 89% of all births. The quality of the insulation is characterized, first of all, by the value of its resistance, which determines the main purpose of isolation - a reliable separation of current-carrying parts. The simplest method and the most frequently used method is the direct measurement of insulation resistance. This method allows, in most cases, to quickly assess the quality of the insulation and determine the suitability for further use. This method was most widely used in diagnosing the isolation of electric machines. But the lack of its informativity and the ability to predict the future state of isolation causes the search for new methods for diagnosis. Taking into account the conducted analysis, it is expedient to use two methods for inspecting the state and isolation resource: insulation resistance measurement and pulse method. At present, four methods of ultrasonic evaluation of the technical condition of rolling bearings are used in practice: the Peak-factor, the direct spectrum, the impulse impulses, and the envelope spectrum. The latter was most widely used in rail transport. It provides the most complete information on the bearing position and its components. As a result of the analysis and selected methods on test benches, it is advisable to install insulation resistance measuring equipment combined with the assessment of absorption and polarization factors that need to be supplemented by checking the bearing condition, providing a systematic approach to checking electrical machines.