Аналіз методів оцінки якості роботи форсунок дизелів тепловозів

Abstract

UA: У статті виконано аналіз існуючих методів контролю якості роботи форсунок тепловозних дизелів, проаналізовано їх основні переваги та недоліки і запропоновано методику оцінки якості розпилу палива форсункою на автоматизованому стенді, яка дасть змогу знизити відсоток участі людини-оператора в процесі прийняття рішення про якість роботи форсунки. Використання цієї методики значно зменшить трудовитрати на випробування форсунок та дасть змогу підвищити ефективність роботи дизельних двигунів внутрішнього згорання, суттєво знизити витрату палива та викиди шкідливих речовин у навколишнє середовище.

EN: Railway industry is one of the largest consumers of diesel fuel in the country due to its use of diesel locomotives and diesel trains to perform transport and shunting operations. In the conditions of constant rise in fuel and energy resources, this article of expenses of Ukrzaliznytsia continues to grow. Naturally, the issue of reducing the cost of energy carriers on the Ukrainian railways becomes extremely relevant. Operation of the fuel equipment depends on the main power and economic parameters of the diesel engine, its reliability and stability of the parameters, as well as the toxicity and smoke of the exhaust gases. Therefore maintenance of fuel equipment in the proper technical condition will allow to provide high techno-economic efficiency of diesels of rolling stock. In the article analyzes the existing methods of quality control of diesel injectors, analyzes their main advantages and disadvantages and suggests a method for assessing the quality of sprayed fuel by an injector on an automated test bench, which will reduce the percentage of human operator in the decision-making process on the quality of the injector. In the article analyzes the existing methods of quality control of diesel injectors, analyzes their main advantages and disadvantages and suggests a method for assessing the quality of sprayed fuel by an injector on an automated test bench, which will reduce the percentage of human operator in the decision-making process on the quality of the injector. Testing bench has a fairly high degree of discretization of data, so it is possible to experimentally determine the limits of the change in the angle of inclination of the pressure curve in the hydraulic accumulator, in which the ideal quality of the saw is observed. Deviations from the averaged value of the curve obtained when testing the reference nozzles in the direction of angle increase indicate a deterioration in the quality of the spray due to an increase in the diameter of the nozzle hole and the amount of fuel injected per cycle, and in the direction of decrease - on a reduced cycle feed or on the high stiffness of the spring of the nozzle. Use of this technique will significantly reduce the labor costs for testing nozzles and will increase the efficiency of diesel internal combustion engines, significantly reduce fuel consumption and emissions of harmful substances into the environment.